วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 14 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2553

PCR

Please use the bioinformatics tools to design these following items;

1. The real-time PCR primer and probe set(s) which can be used to distinguish between 2009 Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1)from other influenza subtypes.
Please also describe what are gene(s)/region(s) that you choose? And give us the reason why?

Step 1: Search for mRNA sequence and amino acid sequnce of hemagglutinin (HA) of swine influenza from GenBank (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) by chosse
Search : Nuecleotide
for : H1N1 HA


Step 2: And then chosse tab mRNA (mRNA: 178) will recieve data GenBank of HA ดas the picture and chosse of Swine 2009 2 type and other 3 type by GenBank accession number

2009:

Swine Rio de Janeiro: CY054281.1

Swine Nebraska: S67220.1

other:

NWS(1996): U08903.1

Alberta(2006): U47310.1

Ws(1996): U08904.1



Step 3: bring FASTA of Amino acid put in ClustalW2 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/clustalw2/index.html) and then click run




Step 4: เมื่อพิจารณาจะได้ส่วนที่ 2009 ต่างกับตัวอื่น จะพบว่า amino acid ตำแหน่งที่ 201-254 ต่างออกไป


Step 5: นำ FASTA ของ mRNA ใส่ลงในหน้าของ ClustalW2 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/clustalw2/index.html) แล้วกด run


Step 6: เลือก nucleotide sequnce ตำแหน่งที่ 624-762 สำหรับออกแบบ real-time PCR primer และ probe



Step 7: เปิดหน้า Primer3 (http://frodo.wi.mit.edu/primer3/) แล้วใส่ sequnce ทีี่เลือกไว้จาก step 6 ลงไป และตั้งค่าตามด้านล่าง แล้วจึงกด Pick primers

ส่วนของ Primer:

Product size ranges: 50-90, 80-120 bp

Primer size: min 19 bp, opt 20 bp, max 23 bp

Primer Tm: min 60 , opt 64 , 68

Primer CG%: min 35, max 65

ส่วนของ Probe (Hyb Oligo):

Hyb Oligo excluded region: 47,4 98,8

Hyb Oligo size: min 20 bp, opt 23 bp, max 26 bp

Hyb Oligo Tm: min 68 , opt 70 , max 70

Hyb Oligo GC%: min 20, opt 60, max 80



Step 8: จากนั้นจะได้ primers และ probe ที่ออกแบบมาดังภาพ โดยมีข้อมูลดังนี้

Forward primer: GGGGTCATCAAGATACAGCAAGA, Tm 62.58 , %GC 47.83

Reverse primer: CATTCTCCCTTCTTGATCCCTCA, Tm 63.82, %GC 47.83

Probe: CAAGCCGGAAATAGCAATAAGACCCA, Tm 68.59 , %GC 46.15



2. The conventional PCR and sequencing primer set which can be used to identify oseltamivir resistance associated NA gene mutations: N1: H274Y

Step 9: หา nucleotide sequence ของ neuraminidase จาก GenBank โดยจะได้ GenBank accession number ดังนี้

swine-originated influenza neuraminidase: GU371257.1

oseltamivir resistance: GU371269.1



Step 10: จากนั้นนำ amino acid sequence ใส่ลงในหน้าของ ClustalW2 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/clustalw2/index.html) แล้วกด run เช่นเดียวกับ step 3

Step 11: จะได้ผลดังภาพ จะเห็นว่า H ที่ตำแหน่ง 274 เปลี่ยนเป็น Y ใน H274Y


Step 12: นำ FASTA ของ mRNA ใส่ลงในหน้าของ ClustalW2 (http://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/clustalw2/index.html) แล้วกด run

Step 13: จะได้ผลออกมา จะพบว่ามีการเปลี่ยนแปลงของ C ที่ตำแหน่ง 828 จึงเลือก sequence ที่ครอบคลุมช่วงนี้


Step 14: เปิดหน้า Primer3 (http://frodo.wi.mit.edu/primer3/) แล้วใส่ mRNA sequence ของ NA ลงไป และตั้งค่าตามด้านล่าง แล้วจึงกด Pick primers

Targets: 825,5

Product size ranges: 150-250, 100-300 bp

Primer size: min 20 bp, opt 23, max 25

Primer Tm: min 55 , opt 60 , max 75

Primer GC%: min 40, opt 50, max 60



Step 15: จากนั้นจะได้ sequencing primers ที่ออกแบบมาดังภาพ โดยมีข้อมูลดังนี้

Forward primer: CAGGCCTCATACAAGATCTTCAG, Tm 60.27 , %GC 47.83

Reverse primer: CCAGATTCTGATTGAAAGACACC, Tm 59.99 , %GC 43.48

Step 16: ออกแบบ conventional PCR primers ซึ่งมีค่าที่ต้องตั้งต่างจาก sequencing primers โดยทำ Step 14 อีกครั้ง แต่เปลี่ยนการตั้งค่าเป็น

Product size ranges: 250-300 300-400 400-500 bp

Primer size: min 18 bp, opt 20 bp, max 22 bp

Primer Tm: min 52 , opt 55 , max 58

Primer GC%: min 40, opt 50, max 60

Step 17: จากนั้นจะได้ conventional PCR primers และ probe ที่ออกแบบมาดังภาพ โดยมีข้อมูลดังนี้

Forward primer: GAATGTGCATGTGTAAATGG, 20mers, Tm 54.81 , %GC 40.00

Reverse primer: TCCCACTGCATATGTATCCT, 20 mers, Tm 55.46 , %GC 45.00



วันจันทร์ที่ 11 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2553

BLAST

Select one of your interesting sequences from the database (sequence should be longer than 300 base pair) to do the BLAST search and answer the following questions:

a. What are the different between 6 BLASTs(blastn, blastp, blastx, tblastn, tblastx, PSI-BLAST)?
b. Use your sequence to do 3 out of 6 BLASTs and discuss "What’s the strength and weakness of BLAST you have selected?"
c. Show us the first hit on each BLAST with their identity or/and similarity scores.
d. Summarize the result from 3 BLASTs you select.



BLAST
stands for Basic Local Alignment Search Tool.The emphasis of this tool is to find regions of sequence similarity, which will yield functional and evolutionary clues about the structure and function of your novel sequence.
6 type of BLAST such as
blastn
blastp
blastx
tblastn
tblastx
PSI-BLAST



Step to use BLAST
1. Prepare sequence by
1.1 Open NCBI program by search from google website




1.2 Choose the interesting sequence and get in FASTA format.



2.Open BLAST program by search from google website



program will show as picture




b. Use your sequence to do 3 out of 6 BLASTs and discuss "What’s the strength and weakness of BLAST you have selected?"



2.1 Choose BLAST type first we choose nucleotide BLAST (blastn)




2.2 In put the squence and setting up the BLAST options



2.3 Run BLAST program program will run and will get the result as picture






c. Show us the first hit on each BLAST with their identity or/and similarity scores.




3.Repeat step 2.1-2.3 but change BLAST type as (tblastx) result show as picture







4.Repeat step 2.1-2.3 but change BLAST type as (blastp) result show as picture







d. Summarize the result from 3 BLASTs you select.





วันศุกร์ที่ 8 มกราคม พ.ศ. 2553

Protein 3-D structure

The function of a protein being a direct consequence of its 3-D structure (shape), the logical link was established.

Sequence >> Structure >> Function

Please use the following sequence to explain this concept.


1. Get sequence if we don't have sequence we can retrive data from database
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

>Unknown
AAAACTGCGACTGCGCGGCGTGAGCTCGCTGAGACTTCCTGGACCCCGCACCAGGCTGTGGGGTTTCTCAGATAA
CTGGGCCCCTGCGCTCAGGAGGCCTTCACCCTCTGCTCTGGGTAAAGTTCATTGGAACAGAAAGAAATGGATTTA
TCTGCTCTTCGCGTTGAAGAAGTACAAAATGTCATTAATGCTATGCAGAAAATCTTAGAGTGTCCCATCTGTCTG
GAGTTGATCAAGGAACCTGTCTCCACAAAGTGTGACCACATATTTTGCAAATTTTGCATGCTGAAACTTCTCAAC
CAGAAGAAAGGGCCTTCACAGTGTCCTTTATGTAAGAATGATATAACCAAAAGGAGCCTACAAGAAAGTACGAGA
TTTAGTCAACTTGTTGAAGAGCTATTGAAAATCATTTGTGCTTTTCAGCTTGACACAGGTTTGGAGTATGCAAAC
AGCTATAATTTTGCAAAAAAGGAAAATAACTCTCCTGAACATCTAAAAGATGAAGTTTCTATCATCCAAAGTATG
GGCTACAGAAACCGTGCCAAAAGACTTCTACAGAGTGAACCCGAAAATCCTTCCTTGCAGGAAACCAGTCTCAGT
GTCCAACTCTCTAACCTTGGAACTGTGAGAACTCTGAGGACAAAGCAGCGGATACAACCTCAAAAGACGTCTGTC
TACATTGAATTGGGATCTGATTCTTCTGAAGATACCGTTAATAAGGCAACTTATTGCAGTGTGGGAGATCAAGAA
TTGTTACAAATCACCCCTCAAGGAACCAGGGATGAAATCAGTTTGGATTCTGCAAAAAAGGCTGCTTGTGAATTT
TCTGAGACGGATGTAACAAATACTGAACATCATCAACCCAGTAATAATGATTTGAACACCACTGAGAAGCGTGCA
GCTGAGAGGCATCCAGAAAAGTATCAGGGTAGTTCTGTTTCAAACTTGCATGTGGAGCCATGTGGCACAAATACT
CATGCCAGCTCATTACAGCATGAGAACAGCAGTTTATTACTCACTAAAGACAGAATGAATGTAGAAAAGGCTGAA
TTCTGTAATAAAAGCAAACAGCCTGGCTTAGCAAGGAGCCAACATAACAGATGGGCTGGAAGTAAGGAAACATGT
AATGATAGGCGGACTCCCAGCACAGAAAAAAAGGTAGATCTGAATGCTGATCCCCTGTGTGAGAGAAAAGAATGG
AATAAGCAGAAACTGCCATGCTCAGAGAATCCTAGAGATACTGAAGATGTTCCTTGGATAACACTAAATAGCAGC
ATTCAGAAAGTTAATGAGTGGTTTTCCAGAAGTGATGAACTGTTAGGTTCTGATGACTCACATGATGGGGAGTCT
GAATCAAATGCCAAAGTAGCTGATGTATTGGACGTTCTAAATGAGGTAGATGAATATTCTGGTTCTTCAGAGAAA
ATAGACTTACTGGCCAGTGATCCTCATGAGGCTTTAATATGTAAAAGTGAAAGAGTTCACTCCAAATCAGTAGAG
AGTAATATTGAAGACAAAATATTTGGGAAAACCTATCGGAAGAAGGCAAGCCTCCCCAACTTAAGCCATGTAACT
GAAAATCTAATTATAGGAGCATTTGTTACTGAGCCACAGATAATACAAGAGCGTCCCCTCACAAATAAATTAAAG
CGTAAAAGGAGACCTACATCAGGCCTTCATCCTGAGGATTTTATCAAGAAAGCAGATTTGGCAGTTCAAAAGACT
CCTGAAATGATAAATCAGGGAACTAACCAAACGGAGCAGAATGGTCAAGTGATGAATATTACTAATAGTGGTCAT
GAGAATAAAACAAAAGGTGATTCTATTCAGAATGAGAAAAATCCTAACCCAATAGAATCACTCGAAAAAGAATCT
GCTTTCAAAACGAAAGCTGAACCTATAAGCAGCAGTATAAGCAATATGGAACTCGAATTAAATATCCACAATTCA
AAAGCACCTAAAAAGAATAGGCTGAGGAGGAAGTCTTCTACCAGGCATATTCATGCGCTTGAACTAGTAGTCAGT
AGAAATCTAAGCCCACCTAATTGTACTGAATTGCAAATTGATAGTTGTTCTAGCAGTGAAGAGATAAAGAAAAAA
AAGTACAACCAAATGCCAGTCAGGCACAGCAGAAACCTACAACTCATGGAAGGTAAAGAACCTGCAACTGGAGCC
AAGAAGAGTAACAAGCCAAATGAACAGACAAGTAAAAGACATGACAGCGATACTTTCCCAGAGCTGAAGTTAACA
AATGCACCTGGTTCTTTTACTAAGTGTTCAAATACCAGTGAACTTAAAGAATTTGTCAATCCTAGCCTTCCAAGA
GAAGAAAAAGAAGAGAAACTAGAAACAGTTAAAGTGTCTAATAATGCTGAAGACCCCAAAGATCTCATGTTAAGT
GGAGAAAGGGTTTTGCAAACTGAAAGATCTGTAGAGAGTAGCAGTATTTCATTGGTACCTGGTACTGATTATGGC
ACTCAGGAAAGTATCTCGTTACTGGAAGTTAGCACTCTAGGGAAGGCAAAAACAGAACCAAATAAATGTGTGAGT
CAGTGTGCAGCATTTGAAAACCCCAAGGGACTAATTCATGGTTGTTCCAAAGATAATAGAAATGACACAGAAGGC
TTTAAGTATCCATTGGGACATGAAGTTAACCACAGTCGGGAAACAAGCATAGAAATGGAAGAAAGTGAACTTGAT
GCTCAGTATTTGCAGAATACATTCAAGGTTTCAAAGCGCCAGTCATTTGCTCCGTTTTCAAATCCAGGAAATGCA
GAAGAGGAATGTGCAACATTCTCTGCCCACTCTGGGTCCTTAAAGAAACAAAGTCCAAAAGTCACTTTTGAATGT
GAACAAAAGGAAGAAAATCAAGGAAAGAATGAGTCTAATATCAAGCCTGTACAGACAGTTAATATCACTGCAGGC
TTTCCTGTGGTTGGTCAGAAAGATAAGCCAGTTGATAATGCCAAATGTAGTATCAAAGGAGGCTCTAGGTTTTGT
CTATCATCTCAGTTCAGAGGCAACGAAACTGGACTCATTACTCCAAATAAACATGGACTTTTACAAAACCCATAT
CGTATACCACCACTTTTTCCCATCAAGTCATTTGTTAAAACTAAATGTAAGAAAAATCTGCTAGAGGAAAACTTT
GAGGAACATTCAATGTCACCTGAAAGAGAAATGGGAAATGAGAACATTCCAAGTACAGTGAGCACAATTAGCCGT
AATAACATTAGAGAAAATGTTTTTAAAGAAGCCAGCTCAAGCAATATTAATGAAGTAGGTTCCAGTACTAATGAA
GTGGGCTCCAGTATTAATGAAATAGGTTCCAGTGATGAAAACATTCAAGCAGAACTAGGTAGAAACAGAGGGCCA
AAATTGAATGCTATGCTTAGATTAGGGGTTTTGCAACCTGAGGTCTATAAACAAAGTCTTCCTGGAAGTAATTGT
AAGCATCCTGAAATAAAAAAGCAAGAATATGAAGAAGTAGTTCAGACTGTTAATACAGATTTCTCTCCATATCTG
ATTTCAGATAACTTAGAACAGCCTATGGGAAGTAGTCATGCATCTCAGGTTTGTTCTGAGACACCTGATGACCTG
TTAGATGATGGTGAAATAAAGGAAGATACTAGTTTTGCTGAAAATGACATTAAGGAAAGTTCTGCTGTTTTTAGC
AAAAGCGTCCAGAAAGGAGAGCTTAGCAGGAGTCCTAGCCCTTTCACCCATACACATTTGGCTCAGGGTTACCGA
AGAGGGGCCAAGAAATTAGAGTCCTCAGAAGAGAACTTATCTAGTGAGGATGAAGAGCTTCCCTGCTTCCAACAC
TTGTTATTTGGTAAAGTAAACAATATACCTTCTCAGTCTACTAGGCATAGCACCGTTGCTACCGAGTGTCTGTCT
AAGAACACAGAGGAGAATTTATTATCATTGAAGAATAGCTTAAATGACTGCAGTAACCAGGTAATATTGGCAAAG
GCATCTCAGGAACATCACCTTAGTGAGGAAACAAAATGTTCTGCTAGCTTGTTTTCTTCACAGTGCAGTGAATTG
GAAGACTTGACTGCAAATACAAACACCCAGGATCCTTTCTTGATTGGTTCTTCCAAACAAATGAGGCATCAGTCT
GAAAGCCAGGGAGTTGGTCTGAGTGACAAGGAATTGGTTTCAGATGATGAAGAAAGAGGAACGGGCTTGGAAGAA
AATAATCAAGAAGAGCAAAGCATGGATTCAAACTTAGGTGAAGCAGCATCTGGGTGTGAGAGTGAAACAAGCGTC
TCTGAAGACTGCTCAGGGCTATCCTCTCAGAGTGACATTTTAACCACTCAGCAGAGGGATACCATGCAACATAAC
CTGATAAAGCTCCAGCAGGAAATGGCTGAACTAGAAGCTGTGTTAGAACAGCATGGGAGCCAGCCTTCTAACAGC
TACCCTTCCATCATAAGTGACTCTTCTGCCCTTGAGGACCTGCGAAATCCAGAACAAAGCACATCAGAAAAAGCA
GTATTAACTTCACAGAAAAGTAGTGAATACCCTATAAGCCAGAATCCAGAAGGCCTTTCTGCTGACAAGTTTGAG
GTGTCTGCAGATAGTTCTACCAGTAAAAATAAAGAACCAGGAGTGGAAAGGTCATCCCCTTCTAAATGCCCATCA
TTAGATGATAGGTGGTACATGCACAGTTGCTCTGGGAGTCTTCAGAATAGAAACTACCCATCTCAAGAGGAGCTC
ATTAAGGTTGTTGATGTGGAGGAGCAACAGCTGGAAGAGTCTGGGCCACACGATTTGACGGAAACATCTTACTTG
CCAAGGCAAGATCTAGAGGGAACCCCTTACCTGGAATCTGGAATCAGCCTCTTCTCTGATGACCCTGAATCTGAT
CCTTCTGAAGACAGAGCCCCAGAGTCAGCTCGTGTTGGCAACATACCATCTTCAACCTCTGCATTGAAAGTTCCC
CAATTGAAAGTTGCAGAATCTGCCCAGAGTCCAGCTGCTGCTCATACTACTGATACTGCTGGGTATAATGCAATG
GAAGAAAGTGTGAGCAGGGAGAAGCCAGAATTGACAGCTTCAACAGAAAGGGTCAACAAAAGAATGTCCATGGTG
GTGTCTGGCCTGACCCCAGAAGAATTTATGCTCGTGTACAAGTTTGCCAGAAAACACCACATCACTTTAACTAAT
CTAATTACTGAAGAGACTACTCATGTTGTTATGAAAACAGATGCTGAGTTTGTGTGTGAACGGACACTGAAATAT
TTTCTAGGAATTGCGGGAGGAAAATGGGTAGTTAGCTATTTCTGGGTGACCCAGTCTATTAAAGAAAGAAAAATG
CTGAATGAGCATGATTTTGAAGTCAGAGGAGATGTGGTCAATGGAAGAAACCACCAAGGTCCAAAGCGAGCAAGA
GAATCCCAGGACAGAAAGATCTTCAGGGGGCTAGAAATCTGTTGCTATGGGCCCTTCACCAACATGCCCACAGAT
CAACTGGAATGGATGGTACAGCTGTGTGGTGCTTCTGTGGTGAAGGAGCTTTCATCATTCACCCTTGGCACAGGT
GTCCACCCAATTGTGGTTGTGCAGCCAGATGCCTGGACAGAGGACAATGGCTTCCATGCAATTGGGCAGATGTGT
GAGGCACCTGTGGTGACCCGAGAGTGGGTGTTGGACAGTGTAGCACTCTACCAGTGCCAGGAGCTGGACACCTAC
CTGATACCCCAGATCCCCCACAGCCACTACTGACTGCAGCCAGCCACAGGTACAGAGCCCAGGACCCCAAGAATG
AGCTTACAAAGTGGCCTTTCCAGGCCCTGGGAGCTCCTCTCACTCTTCAGTCCTTCTACTGTCCTGGCTACTAAA
TATTTTATGTACATCAGCCTGAAAAGGACTTCTGGCTATGCAAGGGTCCCTTAAAGATTTTCTGCTTGAAGTCTC
CCTTGGAAATCTGCCATGAGCACAAAATTATGGTAATTTTTCACCTGAGAAGATTTTAAAACCATTTAAACGCCA
CCAATTGAGCAAGATGCTGATTCATTATTTATCAGCCCTATTCTTTCTATTCAGGCTGTTGTTGGCTTAGGGCTG
GAAGCACAGAGTGGCTTGGCCTCAAGAGAATAGCTGGTTTCCCTAAGTTTACTTCTCTAAAACCCTGTGTTCACA
AAGGCAGAGAGTCAGACCCTTCAATGGAAGGAGAGTGCTTGGGATCGATTATGTGACTTAAAGTCAGAATAGTCC
TTGGGCAGTTCTCAAATGTTGGAGTGGAACATTGGGGAGGAAATTCTGAGGCAGGTATTAGAAATGAAAAGGAAA
CTTGAAACCTGGGCATGGTGGCTCACGCCTGTAATCCCAGCACTTTGGGAGGCCAAGGTGGGCAGATCACTGGAG
GTCAGGAGTTCGAAACCAGCCTGGCCAACATGGTGAAACCCCATCTCTACTAAAAATACAGAAATTAGCCGGTCA
TGGTGGTGGACACCTGTAATCCCAGCTACTCAGGTGGCTAAGGCAGGAGAATCACTTCAGCCCGGGAGGTGGAGG
TTGCAGTGAGCCAAGATCATACCACGGCACTCCAGCCTGGGTGACAGTGAGACTGTGGCTCAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAGGAAAATGAAACTAGGAAAGGTTTCTTAAAGTCTGAGATATATTTGCTAGATTTCTAAAGAATGTGTTCTA
AAACAGCAGAAGATTTTCAAGAACCGGTTTCCAAAGACAGTCTTCTAATTCCTCATTAGTAATAAGTAAAATGTT
TATTGTTGTAGCTCTGGTATATAATCCATTCCTCTTAAAATATAAGACCTCTGGCATGAATATTTCATATCTATA
AAATGACAGATCCCACCAGGAAGGAAGCTGTTGCTTTCTTTGAGGTGATTTTTTTCCTTTGCTCCCTGTTGCTGA
AACCATACAGCTTCATAAATAATTTTGCTTGCTGAAGGAAGAAAAAGTGTTTTTCATAAACCCATTATCCAGGAC
TGTTTATAGCTGTTGGAAGGACTAGGTCTTCCCTAGCCCCCCCAGTGTGCAAGGGCAGTGAAGACTTGATTGTAC
AAAATACGTTTTGTAAATGTTGTGCTGTTAACACTGCAAATAAACTTGGTAGCAAACA


2. Open program http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/gorf/ the program will show as picture


3.Insert sequence and click orfFind



program will run and will get 6 ORF result show as a picture



4. Chosses the appropriate ORF





5. Click BLAST



6.
And the sofware show the amino sequcee of the longest ORF. The optional, I can click Blast to find which amino acid is similar to my unknow.



7. Get FASTA format


Finally , Form the result I get amino acide sequence.


8. Base on Molecular science, the polypeptide will be modified in the post modification process and then form 3D structure that suitable for their function . the Bioinformatic tool can be use in this step, for example
- checking of NetNglyc in the sequence at http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetNGlyc/




9. Then I get the result
the blue latter means Asn-Xaa-Ser/Thr sequons (including Asn-Pro-Ser/Thr)
the red tatter means N-glycosylated





10.
The 3D structure of this protein can show by use the online bioinformatic tool such as this link


11.
And input the quary number of the unknown











12. The 3-D structure of protein will show as a picture